Nov yog tsab xov xwm ntxaws tshaj plaws uas kuv tau nyeem txog kev paub yooj yim ntawm cov thawv transformer!

Cov chaw tsim nyog rau cov chaw hloov pauv hom thawv

1. Siv ua lub thawv hloov pauv teeb pom kev zoo: Ob lub thawv hloov pauv European thiab Asmeskas muaj qhov zoo dua li cov chav hluav taws xob pej xeem ib txwm muaj hauv cov kab ke hluav taws xob qis. Cov chaw hloov pauv hom thawv muaj cov nqi tsim kho qis dua li cov chav hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj thiab muaj qhov zoo nkauj. Cov chaw hloov pauv hom thawv European kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub thaiv toj roob hauv pes, ua rau lawv zoo nkauj heev.

2. Kev siv hluav taws xob hauv cov tiaj ua si thiab thaj chaw nyob: Cov chaw hloov hluav taws xob hom thawv feem ntau siv rau kev muab hluav taws xob hauv cov tiaj ua si, thaj chaw nyob, thiab lwm qhov chaw. Cov tiaj ua si thiab thaj chaw nyob feem ntau nrhiav kev zoo nkauj thiab chaw nyob, thiab cov chaw hloov hluav taws xob hom thawv daws tau ob qho teeb meem no, nrog rau qhov zoo nkauj thiab qhov chaw me me.

3. Kev lag luam thiab kev tsuas hluav taws xob: Cov chaw tsim khoom, cov chaw khawb av thiab lwm thaj chaw muaj qhov xav tau siab rau cov khoom siv fais fab vim yog thaj chaw nyuaj thiab cov nqi sijhawm kim. Cov chaw hloov hluav taws xob hom thawv yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa, xav tau kev tsim kho tsawg dua, thiab muaj qib kev tiv thaiv ntawm IP33, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov ntim thiab lub sijhawm tsim kho. Lawv tau teeb tsa rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj thaj chaw nyuaj.

4. Kev muab hluav taws xob ib ntus: Chav tsev tsim kho feem ntau hloov qhov chaw ntawm kev muab hluav taws xob nrog rau kev tsiv chaw ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, yog li xav tau ib pawg khoom siv faib khoom txav tau. Lub thawv hom substation muaj kev txav mus los zoo thiab muaj peev xwm thauj khoom txaus, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau kev muab hluav taws xob ib ntus ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho.

Kev faib tawm thiab qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub thawv hom substations

Yuav ua li cas teeb tsa lub thawv hom substation

1, Kev teeb tsa sab voltage siab ntawm lub thawv transformer

(1) Cov transformers hom thawv raug muab faib ua hom davhlau ya nyob twg thiab hom nplhaib network raws li txoj kev txuas hluav taws xob tseem ceeb ntawm sab high-voltage. Lub transformer thawv hom davhlau ya nyob twg tsis tas yuav xav txog kev txuas hluav taws xob ntxiv: yog tias sab high-voltage muaj ib qho hauv ntau qhov tawm lossis ntau hauv ib qho tawm (feem ntau yog ib qho hauv ob qhov tawm lossis peb qhov tawm, lossis ob hauv ib qho tawm lossis ob qhov tawm), nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog lub nplhaib network box transformer.

(2)Sab high voltage ntawm European box transformer yog nruab nrog Lub Tshuab Hluav Taws Xobs, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm lub fuse. Xav txog tus nqi ntawm lub transformer, rau cov transformers nrog lub peev xwm tsis tshaj 800 kV · A thiab cov kev xav tau qis rau kev teeb tsa sab tiv thaiv siab, qhov tom kawg feem ntau siv.

(3) Cov hloov pauv hluav taws xob siab uas tau teeb tsa hauv cov thawv hloov pauv European feem ntau yog FLN-12 sulfur hexafluoride load switches.

(4) Qhov ntsuas tam sim no ntawm kev tiv thaiv high-voltage fuse yaj yog xaiv raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:
Irr=KIgmax

Hauv cov mis, Irr sawv cev rau qhov ntsuas tam sim no ntawm cov yaj, A;

K - coefficient, feem ntau yog 1.3:

Igmax - ntsuas tam sim no ntawm sab high voltage ntawm lub transformer.

(5) Xav txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev txij nkawm, qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm sab hluav taws xob siab ntawm European box transformer yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no.

① Thaum lub qhov hloov pauv thauj khoom nyob rau hauv lub xeev tsis txuas, muaj lub cuab yeej av kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb txij nkawm.

② Lub qhov hloov thauj khoom thiab lub qhov hloov cais tawm raug xauv ib leeg kom ntseeg tau tias ua haujlwm tau zoo.

(6) Lub thawv hom American box transformer tau sib sau ua ke hauv tib lub thawv roj immersed vim yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub fuse hloov pauv hluav taws xob siab thiab lub transformer, suav nrog lub qhov hloov pauv qhov chaw, lub fuse thaub qab, lub fuse ntsaws, thiab transformer. Hom network nplhaib yog ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov cov davhlau ya nyob twg txuas sab hauv ntawm lub qhov hloov pauv qhov chaw.

2, Kev teeb tsa ntawm Low Voltage Main Distribution Txee rau Box Transformer

Feem ntau, lub txee faib hluav taws xob qis ntawm lub thawv transformer yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov hloov pauv hluav taws xob qis, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis, thiab cov khoom siv ntsuas hluav taws xob qis. Cov hloov pauv hluav taws xob qis yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kho txhua hnub. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob qis raug xaiv raws li lub peev xwm ntawm lub transformer thiab lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob qis-voltage tseem ceeb ntawm lub transformer feem ntau raug xaiv ua lub thav duab hom ntse circuit breaker, thiab nws cov kev xaiv thiab teeb tsa cov kev cai yog raws li nram no.

(1) Tus nqi tam sim no ntawm lub circuit breaker. Feem ntau, 2.0-2.5 npaug ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub transformer txaus. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tawg sib xws yog ntau dua li qhov luv luv tam sim no ntawm sab qis voltage ntawm lub transformer, thiab tsis tshua xav tau kev txheeb xyuas.

(2) Kev ncua sijhawm ntev (piv txwv li lub sijhawm rov qab, overload) overcurrent tso tawm teeb tsa tam sim no Lset, xav tau In ≤ Iset1 ≤ Iz. Ntawm lawv, In yog qhov tam sim no ntsuas ntawm sab qis-voltage ntawm lub transformer, thiab Iz yog lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no ntawm lub tsheb npav qis-voltage. Yuav kom siv tau lub peev xwm ntawm lub transformer tag nrho yam tsis cuam tshuam rau nws lub neej kev pabcuam, Iset1 yuav tsum sib npaug lossis ze rau In.

(3) Kev ncua sijhawm luv luv (piv txwv li lub sijhawm txwv, overcurrent) overcurrent thiab qhov teeb tsa tam sim no Iset2 ntawm qhov tso tawm yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm 1.2Ifj ≤ Iset2 ≤ Id/1.3. Ntawm lawv, Ifj yog lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm lub transformer, thiab Id yog lub sijhawm ib zaug ntawm lub transformer. Qhov yuav tsum tau ua no yooj yim rau cov transformers nrog D thiab yn11 kev sib txuas, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim rau cov transformers nrog Y thiab yn0 kev sib txuas. Qhov no kuj yog qhov laj thawj vim li cas ntau lub thawv transformers siv D thiab yn11 transformers. Lub sijhawm teeb tsa ntawm qhov luv luv ncua overcurrent tso tawm ntawm lub transformer qis-voltage lub ntsiab circuit breaker feem ntau yog 0.6 vib nas this, uas tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub sijhawm sib txawv nrog qib tom ntej circuit breaker tsis tsawg dua 0.2 vib nas this.

(4) Tam sim ntawd overcurrent tso tawm teeb tsa tam sim no Iset3. Vim yog qhov kev tiv thaiv luv luv overcurrent, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev xaiv zoo dua, tus nqi Iset3 tuaj yeem teeb tsa loj dua, feem ntau siv Iset1, uas yog 12-15 npaug ntawm tus nqi.

3, Lub zog reactive tsis siv neeg them nyiaj rau lub thawv hom transformer

Raws li cov qauv hauv tebchaws tam sim no, lub peev xwm them rov qab fais fab feem ntau yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ntawm 30% ntawm lub peev xwm transformer, uas tau kawg ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov xwm txheej siv nrog lub zog siab ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev nrov nrov ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev inductive xws li cua txias, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, tub yees, thiab teeb pom kev zoo txuag hluav taws xob, teeb tsa ntawm 30% ntawm lub peev xwm transformer qee zaum tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov xav tau. Nws raug nquahu kom teeb tsa ntawm 40% txog 60% ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub transformer thiab them rov qab rau hauv 10 lub voj voog tswj. Txawm hais tias tus nqi tau nce ntxiv, nws tsis tseem ceeb piv rau tus nqi ntawm tag nrho lub thawv transformer, thiab qhov cuam tshuam kev them rov qab zoo.

4, Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub txee hluav taws xob qis

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov circuits hauv lub txee hluav taws xob qis ntawm lub thawv transformer feem ntau yog txiav txim siab raws li kev faib khoom hauv nws thaj chaw muab hluav taws xob thiab kev tshwj tseg tsim nyog ntawm 1-3 circuits. Cov lus qhia thiab cov qauv ntawm cov circuit breakers xaiv rau txhua lub circuit yog txiav txim siab raws li lawv cov khoom thauj uas tau xam. Kev xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa cov kev cai rau cov circuit breakers hluav taws xob qis hauv txhua lub feeder zoo ib yam li cov rau transformer lub ntsiab circuit breakers. Tab sis qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog paub qhov tam sim no ntawm txhua lub feeder. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws thiaj li tuaj yeem teeb tsa tau zoo.

Cov kev ceev faj rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov ntawm lub thawv hom substation

1. Tus neeg tsav tsheb av ntawm lub thawv hom substation yuav tsum yog ib qho tus neeg xyuas tooj liab, thiab thaj tsam hla yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 30mm2. Rau qee yam khoom siv uas txhob txwm txo qhov loj ntawm tus neeg tsav av, nws yooj yim raug puas tsuaj los ntawm xob laim.

2. Lub network grounding ntawm lub thawv hom substation kuj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias muaj thaj chaw thiab qhov tob txaus. Lub network grounding ntawm lub thawv hom substation yuav tsum tau faus rau hauv qab 1 'meter' hauv av, thiab qee cov electrodes vertical grounding yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom txo qhov tsis kam.

3. Cov chaw hloov hluav taws xob hom thawv yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau hauv thaj chaw uas tsis muaj kev co thiab kev cuam tshuam loj, thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob loj nyob ze. Cov kab nkag thiab tawm ntawm cov xov hlau yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov deb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tsim kho.

4. Cov chaw hloov hluav taws xob hom thawv yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau hauv thaj chaw qhuav thiab muaj cua nkag, kab rov tav, nrog rau qhov nqes tsis pub tshaj 5 degrees.

5. Thaj chaw teeb tsa ntawm lub thawv hom substation yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj phom sij xws li kev tawg, nrog rau cov pa roj lossis kua dej uas ua rau muaj xeb.

6. Kev siv sab nraum zoov ntawm lub thawv hom substation tsis tas yuav hloov pauv, yog li nws nyob hauv thaj chaw me me thiab muaj cov nqi khiav lag luam qis.

Cov kev ntsuas kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob feem ntau rau cov chaw nres tsheb hom thawv

3. Lub qhov hloov hluav taws xob qis ntawm lub thawv transformer mus ncig. Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau lub qhov hloov hluav taws xob qis ntawm lub transformer tawg. Ib qho yog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub tsheb npav; Qhov thib ob yog qhov hloov tsis ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias muaj qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov hloov hluav taws xob qis, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lub thawv transformer kom zoo. Thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv overcurrent ntawm sab hluav taws xob qis ntawm lub transformer tseem ceeb, cov khoom siv cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd. Tib lub sijhawm, tshem tawm cov teeb meem ntawm qhov hloov tsis ua haujlwm, tsom mus rau seb nws yog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub tsheb npav lossis qhov teeb meem ntawm kab. Tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv cuam tshuam ntxiv kom pom tias puas muaj qhov xau ntawm lub phaj tiv thaiv siab siv, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, ua kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv tshaj lij.

■ Kev saib xyuas qhov teeb meem tripping hauv lub thawv hom substation

Thaum muaj qhov teeb meem tripping qis-voltage tshwm sim hauv lub transformer tseem ceeb ntawm lub thawv hom transformer, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tshuaj xyuas cov kab tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv transformer tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv substation kom nrhiav tau qhov ua rau muaj qhov xwm txheej. Thaum kev tiv thaiv overcurrent yog tib qho ua rau muaj qhov teeb meem ntawm sab qis voltage ntawm lub transformer, qhov teeb meem kab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd lub davhlau ya nyob twg tuaj yeem raug kuaj xyuas, ua raws li kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv substation. Thaum muaj ob qho tib si kev tiv thaiv overcurrent ntawm sab qis voltage ntawm lub transformer thiab kev tiv thaiv kab, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ncaj qha tias yog kab teeb meem raws li seb kab puas raug txiav tawm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm txij nkawm tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov chaw ntawm kab qhov hluav taws xob, tab sis kuj tseem tshuaj xyuas tag nrho kab kom tshem tawm qhov teeb meem kab ua ntej txuas ntxiv nrog kev tswj hwm qhov teeb meem trip.